Jephe Wu - http://linuxtechres.blogspot.com
Objective: reduce the AWS EBS root volume size from 8G to 4G since file system only used less than 3G.
Environment: Amazon Linux AMI 2015.03 (HVM), SSD Volume Type - ami-fd9cecc7, t2.macro instance type with 8G gp EBS volume as root volume (default creation steps with launch instance wizard)
Diagram
original instance: jephe-base, with 8G ebs root volume, need to shrink it to 5G
lab1 instance: used for the whole shrink process test
ebs volume 'source': created from snapshot of root volume from original instance.
ebs volume 'dest': manually created new volume with 5G
Steps:
1. create another small instance named lab1
Amazon Linux AMI 2015.03 (HVM), SSD Volume Type - ami-fd9cecc7 , t2.macro, 8G gp ebs volume.
2. make snapshot backup and create volume from it
stop the original base instance, detach its 8G volume, make snapshot of it, then create test volume named 'source' from snapshot, so we can work on the source volume instead of original base volume
3. create another new volume named 'dest' with expected size (5g) and within same AZ as instance lab1
Note: the actual file system size of base volume must be less than 5G
4. attach volume F and G to small instance lab1 as /dev/xvdf and /dev/xvdg respectively
so the Linux OS will see /dev/xvdf, /dev/xvdf1 and /dev/xvdg as follows
5. while lab1 instance is running, attach both volume source and dest to it as /dev/sdf and /dev/sdg.
[ec2-user@ip-10-0-11-185 ~]$ more /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
202 0 8388608 xvda
202 1 8386543 xvda1
202 80 8388608 xvdf
202 81 8386543 xvdf1
202 96 5242880 xvdg
6. fsck and resize2fs to minimum
[root@ip-10-0-11-185 mnt]# e2fsck -f /dev/xvdf1
e2fsck 1.42.12 (29-Aug-2014)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/: 38013/524288 files (0.2% non-contiguous), 606002/2096635 blocks
[root@ip-10-0-11-185 mnt]# resize2fs -M -p /dev/xvdf1
resize2fs 1.42.12 (29-Aug-2014)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/xvdf1 to 944604 (4k) blocks.
Begin pass 2 (max = 139004)
Relocating blocks XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Begin pass 3 (max = 64)
Scanning inode table XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
Begin pass 4 (max = 4518)
Updating inode references XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
The filesystem on /dev/xvdf1 is now 944604 (4k) blocks long.
[root@ip-10-0-11-185 mnt]# resize2fs -M -p /dev/xvdf1
resize2fs 1.42.12 (29-Aug-2014)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/xvdf1 to 940777 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/xvdf1 is now 940777 (4k) blocks long.
[root@ip-10-0-11-185 mnt]# resize2fs -M -p /dev/xvdf1
resize2fs 1.42.12 (29-Aug-2014)
Resizing the filesystem on /dev/xvdf1 to 940770 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/xvdf1 is now 940770 (4k) blocks long.
7. calculate the actual file system size after resize2fs -M, round it up a bit to 300
[root@ip-10-0-11-185 mnt]# echo "scale=5; 940770*4/(1024*16)" | bc
229.68017
8. make partition for /dev/xvdg by fdisk
[root@ip-10-0-11-185 mnt]# fdisk /dev/xvdg
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xaa83e894.
Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/xvdg: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xaa83e894
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1):
First sector (2048-10485759, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-10485759, default 10485759):
Using default value 10485759
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 5 GiB is set
Command (m for help): wq
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@ip-10-0-11-185 mnt]# fdisk -l /dev/xvdg
Disk /dev/xvdg: 5368 MB, 5368709120 bytes, 10485760 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xaa83e894
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/xvdg1 2048 10485759 5241856 83 Linux
[root@ip-10-0-11-185 mnt]# cat /proc/partitions
major minor #blocks name
202 0 8388608 xvda
202 1 8386543 xvda1
202 80 8388608 xvdf
202 81 8386543 xvdf1
202 96 5242880 xvdg
202 97 5241856 xvdg1
9. use dd to copy file system
[root@ip-10-0-11-185 mnt]# dd if=/dev/xvdf1 of=/dev/xvdg1 bs=16M count=230
230+0 records in
230+0 records out
3858759680 bytes (3.9 GB) copied, 113.625 s, 34.0 MB/s
Note: you can run kill -USR1 pidofdd from another terminal to get the dd progress
10. mount /dev/xvdg1 to /mnt/g and bind mount /dev to /mnt/g/dev
[root@ip-10-0-11-185 mnt]# mount /dev/xvdg1 g
[root@ip-10-0-11-185 mnt]# cd g
[root@ip-10-0-11-185 g]# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 local lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin selinux srv sys tmp usr var
[root@ip-10-0-11-185 g]# mount --bind /dev /mnt/g/dev/
11. install grub on /dev/xvdg
[root@ip-10-0-11-185 g]# chroot .
[root@ip-10-0-11-185 /]# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 local lost+found media mnt opt proc root run sbin selinux srv sys tmp usr var
[root@ip-10-0-11-185 /]# grub
Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time.
GNU GRUB version 0.97 (640K lower / 3072K upper memory)
[ Minimal BASH-like line editing is supported. For the first word, TAB
lists possible command completions. Anywhere else TAB lists the possible
completions of a device/filename.]
grub> find /boot/grub/stage1
find /boot/grub/stage1
(hd0,0)
(hd1,0)
(hd2,0)
grub> root (hd2,0)
root (hd2,0)
Filesystem type is ext2fs, partition type 0x83
grub> setup (hd2)
setup (hd2)
Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists... yes
Checking if "/boot/grub/stage2" exists... yes
Checking if "/boot/grub/e2fs_stage1_5" exists... yes
Running "embed /boot/grub/e2fs_stage1_5 (hd2)"... 29 sectors are embedded.
succeeded
Running "install /boot/grub/stage1 (hd2) (hd2)1+29 p (hd2,0)/boot/grub/stage2 /boot/grub/grub.conf"... succeeded
Done.
grub> quit
quit
[root@ip-10-0-11-185 /]# exit
exit
[root@ip-10-0-11-185 g]# cd /
[root@ip-10-0-11-185 /]# umount /mnt/g/dev
[root@ip-10-0-11-185 /]# umount /mnt/g/
[root@ip-10-0-11-185 /]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/xvda1 7.8G 919M 6.8G 12% /
devtmpfs 490M 72K 490M 1% /dev
tmpfs 499M 0 499M 0% /dev/shm
[root@ip-10-0-11-185 ec2-user]# e2fsck -f /dev/xvdg1
e2fsck 1.42.12 (29-Aug-2014)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/: 38013/237568 files (0.3% non-contiguous), 587515/940770 blocks
Now stop instance lab1, detach all 3 volumes including os base volume for lab1, attach dest volume to lab1 with root device as /dev/xvda. start up instance lab1 again to make sure it can start up successfully.
Now, stop test instance lab1, detach volume named 'dest' , stop original instance and detach its volume, attach volume 'dest' to original instance to start up.
Note: during ec2 instance startup, it will automatically resize file sytem to the maximum.
Here is the df -h result after startup the 'dest' volume with original instance jephe-base.
[root@ip-172-31-13-17 ec2-user]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/xvda1 4.8G 2.2G 2.7G 46% /
devtmpfs 490M 56K 490M 1% /dev
tmpfs 499M 0 499M 0% /dev/shm
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